My research on democracy and political parties examines how ruling parties sustain power, opposition movements organise under constraints, and elections shape accountability. I studied CCM’s endurance and the Tanganyika–Zanzibar Union, and now focus on party systems, electoral mobilisation, constitutional reform, civic space, and political identity in Tanzania and Kenya.
I contribute to the Varieties of Democracy project and led Tanzania Elections Watch analysis. My work includes scenarios for Tanzania’s 2025 elections and explores youth, memory, music, and narratives in democratic change.
