Academic Publications

Book Chapters

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• Minde, Nicodemus (2020). Tanzania Citizens’ Sovereignty, Popular Participation, and the EAC Integration and Democratization, in Korwa Adar et al (ed.), Popular Participation in the Integration of the East African Community: Eastafricannes and Eastafricanization. Washington: Lexington.
• Minde, Nicodemus (2019). Conflict Intervention, Insecurity and the Challenges of Peacebuilding in South Sudan, in Kenneth Omeje (ed.), Peacebuilding in Contemporary Africa: In Search of Alternative Strategies. London: Routledge.

Journal Articles

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1. Minde, N. (2026). Regionalism and Integration in Eastern Africa. In the Oxford Research Encyclopedia of International Studies. Oxford University Press.
2. Minde, N. (2025). The Crisis of African Agency and the Rising Role of Conflict External Actors in African Conflict Mediation (Global Governance Spotlight 2, 2025). Development and Peace Foundation (sef-bonn). https://www.sef-bonn.org/index.php?id=618&L=1
3. Minde, N. (2024). “East African Community Regional Force Intervention in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo: Actors and Implications for Regional Peace and Stability” Africa Amani Journal, 1(1).
4. Minde, N. (2024). “African agency as non-alignment 2.0: Explaining Tanzania’s neutrality in the Russia-Ukraine war” Contemporary Security Policy.
5. Minde, N. (2021). “Tunataka Nchi Yetu” (We Want Our Country): Campaign Rallies, Music and Songs as Stages for Performing Zanzibari Nationalism. Mambo! vol. XVIII, no. 3. URL: https://mambo.hypotheses.org/3088
6. Minde, N. (2021). “To Negotiate or Not-to Negotiate with the FDLR Rebels? President Kikwete and Tanzania’s Foreign Policy towards Rwanda (2013-2015)” The African Review, 48, pp. 52–73.
7. Minde, N., Roop, S., & Tronvoll, K. (2019). “The Turbulent Political History of Zanzibar and its Impact on Contemporary Conflict and Reconciliation” African Insight, 49(1), pp. 68-82.
8. Minde, N., Roop, S., & Tronvoll, K. (2018). “The Rise and Fall of the Government of National Unity in Zanzibar: A Critical Analysis of the Role of the 2015 Elections,” Journal of African Elections, 17(1), pp. 162-184.
9. Roop, S., Tronvoll, K. & Minde, N. (2018). “The Politics of Continuity and Collusion in Zanzibar: Political Reconciliation and the Establishment of the Government of National Unity” Journal of Modern African Studies, 56(2), pp.245-267.
10. Omeje, K. & Minde, N. (2015). “The SPLM Government and the Challenges of Conflict Settlement, State-Building and PeaceBuilding in South Sudan.” Africa Insight, 45 (1), pp.52–67. https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ai/article/view/131916
11. Omeje, K. & Minde, N. (2014). “Stakeholders’ Perspectives on Priorities for Post-Conflict State-building and Peacebuilding in South Sudan.” African Peace and Conflict Journal, 7(1), pp.14-29.

Policy Related Work

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1. Minde, N. (2026, January). Peace, Security and Governance in East Africa: 2023-2024. Institute for Security Studies.
2. Minde, N., Turi, G.C. (2025, December 18). Somalia in the East African Community: Opportunities and Challenges. Institute for Security Studies. https://issafrica.org/research/policy-briefs/somalia-in-the-east-african-community-opportunities-and-challenges
3. Minde, N. (2025, November 19). Youth engagement in governance, peace and security in East Africa. Institute for Security Studies. https://issafrica.org/research/policy-briefs/youth-engagement-in-governance-peace-and-security-in-east-africa
4. Minde, N. (2025, November 5). Denied fair elections, Tanzanians make their mark through protests. ISS Today. https://issafrica.org/iss-today/denied-fair-elections-tanzanians-make-their-mark-through-protests
5. Minde, N. (2025, October 15). Stifling democracy in Tanzania: Scenarios for the 2025 elections. Policy Brief. Institute for Security Studies. https://issafrica.org/research/policy-briefs/stifling-democracy-in-tanzania-scenarios-for-the-2025-elections
6. Minde, N. (2025, October 15). Tanzania polls: will election observers be the last line of defence? ISS Today. https://issafrica.org/iss-today/tanzania-polls-will-election-observers-be-the-last-line-of-defence
7. Minde, N. (2025, August 4). October elections will reveal the extent of Tanzania’s democratic decline. ISS Today. https://issafrica.org/iss-today/october-elections-will-reveal-the-extent-of-tanzania-s-democratic-decline
8. Minde, N. (2025, May 14). Stronger internal mediation the antidote to external meddling. ISS PSC Insights [PSC Report]. https://issafrica.org/pscreport/psc-insights/stronger-internal-mediation-the-antidote-to-external-meddling#:~:text=In%20conflict%20management%2C%20the%20AU,Implications%20and%20options
9. Minde, N. (2025). Too far, too wide? Assessing the expansion of the East African Community. East Africa Report, 52. Institute for Security Studies. https://issafrica.org/research/east-africa-report/too-far-too-wide-assessing-the-expansion-of-the-east-african-community
10. Verelst, B., & Minde, N. (2025, February 7). Eastern DRC: unpacking the difficult task of regional diplomacy. ISS Today. https://issafrica.org/iss-today/eastern-drc-unpacking-the-difficult-task-of-regional-diplomacy
11. Mahdi, M., Ramaite, A., Willima, D., & Minde, N. (2025, January 15). Africa’s youth agenda must include peace, security and development. Policy Brief. Institute for Security Studies. https://issafrica.org/research/policy-briefs/africa-s-youth-agenda-must-include-peace-security-and-development
12. Wario, H., & Minde, N. (2024, December 5). Kenya strives to strike a balance on muguka. ISS Today. https://issafrica.org/iss-today/kenya-strives-to-strike-a-balance-on-muguka
13. Minde, N. (2024, October 31). Can Tanzania bring East and Southern Africa together on east DRC? ISS Today. https://issafrica.org/iss-today/can-tanzania-bring-east-and-southern-africa-together-on-east-drc
14. Minde, N. (2024, August 23). Why is Samia struggling to sustain reforms in Tanzania? ISS Today. https://issafrica.org/iss-today/why-is-samia-struggling-to-sustain-reforms-in-tanzania
15. Minde, N. (2024, March 7). Russia’s Africa Corps – more than old wine in a new bottle. ISS Today. https://issafrica.org/iss-today/russias-africa-corps-more-than-old-wine-in-a-new-bottle

Public Scholarship

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• 1. Minde, N. (2025, October 3). Tanzania’s ruling party has crushed the opposition — the elections are a mere formality. The Conversation Africa. https://theconversation.com/tanzanias-ruling-party-has-crushed-the-opposition-the-elections-are-a-mere-formality-265771
  2. Minde, N., & Wario, H. (2025, August 6). President Ruto’s decision to scrap National ID vetting for Kenyan Somalis – A right to citizenship or political expediency? Kujenga Amani. https://kujenga-amani.ssrc.org/2025/08/06/president-rutos-decision-to-scrap-national-id-vetting-for-kenyan-somalis/
  3. Minde, N. (2025, July 19). Freeman Mbowe and the optics of absence and presence. The Chanzo. https://thechanzo.com/2025/07/19/freeman-mbowe-and-the-optics-of-absence-and-presence/
  4. Minde, N. (2025, July 1). Tumefikaje kwenye hali ya sasa ya kutengeneza miungu watu hapa Tanzania? The Chanzo. https://thechanzo.com/2025/07/01/tumefikaje-kwenye-hali-ya-sasa-ya-kutengeneza-miungu-watu-hapa-tanzania/
  5. Minde, N. (2025, April 18). In Tanzania, Samia’s façade of reform is crumbling. World Politics Review. https://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/tanzania-samia-democracy-reforms/
  6. Minde, N. (2025, January 21). Philip Mpango: Resignation or political manoeuvring by President Samia? The Chanzo. https://thechanzo.com/2025/01/21/philip-mpango-resignation-or-political-maneuvering-by-president-samia/
  7. Minde, N. (2024, December 24). Is CHADEMA falling into the authoritarian trap? The Chanzo. https://thechanzo.com/2024/12/24/is-chadema-falling-into-the-authoritarian-trap/
  8. Minde, N. (2024, October 18). Who is Tundu Lissu? Tanzania’s opposition leader is fighting for change in the face of fresh attacks on political freedoms. The Conversation Africa. https://theconversation.com/who-is-tundu-lissu-tanzanias-opposition-leader-is-fighting-for-change-in-the-face-of-fresh-attacks-on-political-freedoms-240821
  9. Minde, N. (2024, May 23). Tanganyika and Zanzibar: Tanzania’s 60-year-old union may need a restructure. The Conversation Africa. https://theconversation.com/tanganyika-and-zanzibar-tanzanias-60-year-old-union-may-need-a-restructure-229933
  10. Minde, N. (2024, April 15). Tanzanians go to the polls in 2025: President Samia has changed the landscape, but Magufuli’s legacy persists. The Conversation Africa. https://theconversation.com/tanzanians-go-to-the-polls-in-2025-president-samia-has-changed-the-landscape-but-magufulis-legacy-persists-225896
  11. Minde, N. (2024, March 4). Ali Hassan Mwinyi: the Tanzanian former president who oversaw the transition to market economy. The Conversation Africa. https://theconversation.com/ali-hassan-mwinyi-the-tanzanian-former-president-who-oversaw-the-transition-to-market-economy-224886
  12. Minde, N. (2024, February 12). Edward Lowassa’s contested political legacy. The Chanzo. https://thechanzo.com/2024/02/12/edward-lowassas-contested-political-legacy/
  13. Minde, N. (2023, September 14). President Hassan is the face of Tanzania’s reform agenda — but she needs to carry the country with her. The Conversation Africa. https://theconversation.com/president-hassan-is-the-face-of-tanzanias-reform-agenda-but-she-needs-to-carry-the-country-with-her-208775
  14. Minde, N. (2023, July 7). Africa at the centre of a geopolitical battle. Valdai Club. https://valdaiclub.com/a/highlights/africa-at-the-centre-of-a-geopolitical-battle/
  15. Minde, N. (2023, May 31). Tanzania’s pathway to a new constitution: genuine progress or political rhetoric? https://constitutionnet.org/news/tanzanias-pathway-new-constitution-genuine-progress-or-political-rhetoric
  16. Minde, N. (2023, May 31). To restore Tanzania’s democracy, Samia must solidify her reforms. World Politics Review. https://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/tanzania-democracy-foreign-policy-corruption-politics-samia-magufuli/
  17. Minde, N. (2023, February 3). Samia Suluhu Hassan is reforming Tanzania – it’s winning her fans but boosting the opposition. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/samia-suluhu-hassan-is-reforming-tanzania-its-winning-her-fans-but-boosting-the-opposition-198793
  18. Minde, N. (2022, August 5). Opposition as ‘Incumbent’ and ‘Incumbent’ as Opposition: Analyzing the key issues in Kenya’s 2022 presidential campaigns. Kujenga Amani. https://kujenga-amani.ssrc.org/2022/08/05/opposition-as-incumbent-and-incumbent-as-opposition-analyzing-the-key-issues-in-kenyas-2022-presidential-campaigns/
  19. Minde, N. (2022, August 2). Change of guard in Kenya: the 5 reasons neighbours watch every step. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/change-of-guard-in-kenya-the-5-reasons-neighbours-watch-every-step-187230
  20. Minde, N. (2022, April 26). The meaning and usage of Union Day celebrations. The Chanzo. https://thechanzo.com/2022/04/26/the-meaning-and-usage-of-union-day-celebrations/
  21. Minde, N. (2022, March 14). Tanzania is getting a political remake as President Hassan eyes the 2025 polls. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/tanzania-is-getting-a-political-remake-as-president-hassan-eyes-the-2025-polls-177761
  22. Minde, N. (2022, October 28). Remembering not to forget: Tanzania’s 2020 General Elections. Democracy in Africa. https://democracyinafrica.org/remembering-not-to-forget-tanzanias-2020-general-elections/
  23. Minde, N. (2021, October 22). Remembering Maalim Seif Sharif Hamad. The Chanzo. https://thechanzo.com/2021/10/22/remembering-maalim-seif-sharif-hamad/
  24. Minde, N. (2021, July). Tanzania’s Hassan faces her first political test: Constitutional reform. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/tanzanias-hassan-faces-her-first-political-test-constitutional-reform-165088
  25. Minde, N. (2021, March). Tanzania’s Samia Hassan has the chance to heal a polarized nation. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/tanzanias-samia-hassan-has-the-chance-to-heal-a-polarised-nation-157523
  26. Minde, N. (2020, November). Mustakabali wa Maridhiano na Serikali ya Umoja wa Kitaifa Zanzibar. The Chanzo Initiative. https://thechanzo.com/2020/11/22/mustakabali-wa-maridhiano-na-serikali-ya-umoja-wa-kitaifa-zanzibar/
  27. Minde, N. (2020, November). How Magufuli has steered Tanzania down the road of an authoritarian one-party state. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/how-magufuli-has-steered-tanzania-down-the-road-of-an-authoritarian-one-party-state-149760
  28. Minde, N. (2020, August). At the edge of democracy: What the upcoming general election holds in store for Tanzania. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/at-the-edge-of-democracy-what-the-general-election-holds-in-store-for-tanzania-144601
  29. Minde, N. (2020, September). The United Nations Security Council seat and Kenya’s assertive foreign policy. Kujenga Amani. https://kujenga-amani.ssrc.org/2020/09/10/the-united-nations-security-council-seat-and-kenyas-assertive-foreign-policy/
  30. Minde, N. (2019, March). The waning foreign policy influence of Tanzania under President Magufuli. Kujenga Amani. https://kujenga-amani.ssrc.org/2019/03/26/the-waning-foreign-policy-influence-of-tanzania-under-president-magufuli/
  31. Minde, N. (2018, April). Internal party reforms or power consolidation by African ruling parties? Kujenga Amani. https://kujenga-amani.ssrc.org/2018/04/11/internal-party-reforms-or-power-consolidation-by-african-ruling-parties/
  32. Minde, N. (2017, August). Party doesn’t matter: Ethnic parties and multiethnic coalitions in Kenya (Special Issue: Kenya’s 2017 Presidential Elections). Kujenga Amani. https://kujenga-amani.ssrc.org/2017/08/04/party-doesnt-matter-ethnic-parties-and-multiethnic-coalitions-in-kenya/
  33. Minde, N. (2017, June). Magufuli: A delicate balance. OSIEA – Amplifying Voices.
  34. Minde, N. (2016, August). Post-conflict peacebuilding in South Sudan: The security dilemma in a transitional Government of National Unity. LSE Africa Blog.
  35. Minde, N. (2015, November). The South Sudan peace deal and prospects for peacebuilding. Kujenga Amani. https://kujenga-amani.ssrc.org/2015/11/04/the-south-sudan-peace-deal-and-prospects-for-peacebuilding/
  36. Minde, N. (2015, June). Opposition politics in Tanzania and why the country will benefit from a strong unified opposition. LSE Blog.
  37. Minde, N. (2015, May). Press freedoms and the need to repeal draconian media legislation in Tanzania. Kujenga Amani. https://kujenga-amani.ssrc.org/2015/05/11/press-freedoms-and-the-need-to-repeal-draconian-media-legislation-in-tanzania/
  38. Minde, N. (2014, August). Democracy versus stability: Political reconciliation and the Government of National Unity in Zanzibar. Kujenga Amani. https://kujenga-amani.ssrc.org/2014/08/04/democracy-versus-stability-political-reconciliation-and-the-government-of-national-unity-in-zanzibar/
  39. Minde, N. (2014, May). A beleaguered political marriage: The Tanganyika–Zanzibar Union and the constitutional process in Tanzania. Kujenga Amani. https://kujenga-amani.ssrc.org/2014/05/20/a-beleaguered-political-marriage-the-tanganyika-zanzibar-union-and-the-constitution-process-in-tanzania/
  40. Minde, N. (2013, November). The Westgate terrorist attack: Any lessons for Kenya’s approach to regional security? Kujenga Amani. https://kujenga-amani.ssrc.org/2013/11/15/the-westgate-terrorist-attack-any-lessons-for-kenyas-approach-to-regional-security/